니오븀 분말

니오븀 파우더 개요

Niobium is a shiny, white refractory transition metal with outstanding heat resistance and very high melting point. In powder form, it exhibits excellent thermal, electrical, and chemical stability.

Key properties of niobium powder include:

• High heat resistance and refractory nature
• 아주 뛰어난 내식성
• Superconducting below 9.2K (-264¡«C)
• Thermal and electrical stability
• Low neutron absorption
• High density powder with good chemical purity
• Available in various particle size ranges

Niobium powder is used where its refractory, conductive, and superconductive properties can be utilized. The major applications include electronics, superconductors, alloys, chemical/heat resistant components, optical coatings, and pyrotechnics.

Composition of Niobium Powder

Niobium powder has the following typical composition:

요소	순결
니오븀(Nb)	99% 이상
탄탈륨 (Ta)	최대 0.5%
hafnium(Hf)	최대 0.01%
질소 (N)	최대 0.03%
탄소(C)	최대 0.05%
산소(O)	0.1-0.2%
수소(H)	0.0015% max

High purity niobium powder contains over 99% niobium metal with low impurity levels. Commercial grades have higher permissible impurities.

Properties of Niobium Powder

Niobium powder exhibits the following properties:

부동산	가치
밀도	8.57 g/cm3
용융점	2477¡«C
열 전도성	53 W/m?K
전기 저항률	15 Ã×´Î?cm
영률	105 GPa
푸아송 비	0.40
장력 강도 (Tensile strength)	550 MPa
압축 강도 (Compressive Strength)	200 MPa
비커스 경도	600 HV

Niobium has extremely high melting point and very good conductivity. It offers high strength at low and high temperatures. The superconducting transition temperature is 9.2K.

Production Methods for Niobium Powder

Niobium powder can be produced by methods like:

• Hydriding-Dehydriding?- Niobium ingots crushed into coarse powder and hydrided. The niobium hydride is vacuum dehydrided and milled into fine powder.
• 석회열 감소?- Reduction of niobium oxide with calcium followed by consolidation and crushing to powder.
• 전기분해?- Molten salt electrolysis of niobium oxide to produce niobium sponge which is crushed into powder.
• Carbon Reduction?- Niobium oxide is reduced with carbon and processed into powder.

The hydriding process is most common but carbon and electrothermal reduction offer higher purity powder.

니오븀 분말의 응용 분야

Niobium powder is used in the following major applications:

• 전자제품?- Capacitors, superconducting radio frequency cavities, Josephson junctions, integrated circuits.
• Metal Alloys?- Added to steels and nickel-based alloys for strength and heat resistance.
• 코팅 및 페인트?- Used in conductive coatings, spark-resistant paints, optical coatings.
• 용접?- As filler material for stainless steel, nickel alloys, and refractory metals.
• 화학 산업?- Components like heat exchangers, reactors vessels utilizing niobium’s stability.
• 불꽃놀이?- As fuel and oxidizer in pyrotechnic formulations.

Specifications of Niobium Powder

Niobium powder is available under various specifications:

• 순도 등급?- From commercial purity to ultra high purity (99.99%) based on impurities.
• 입자 크기?- Ranging from 1 micron to 150 microns for various applications.
• 형태학?- Irregular, spherical, nodular and flaked powder shapes.
• 표면적?- From low surface area up to high surface area powder grades.
• 산소 함유량?- Low oxygen fine powder grades also available.
• 사용자 지정 성적?- Customer specific particle characteristics and purity.

Global Suppliers of Niobium Powder

Some of the major global niobium powder suppliers include:

• H.C. 스탁(독일)
• CBMM (Brazil)
• Niobec (Canada)
• ESPI Metals (USA)
• Continental Steel & Tube (USA)
• ZhuZhou Oriental Powder Metallurgy (China)

These companies produce various niobium powder grades using different production methods at commercial to high purity levels.

Pricing of Niobium Powder

Niobium powder prices depend on factors like:

• 순도 등급?- From $50/kg for commercial purity to over $500/kg for ultra high purity grades.
• 입자 크기나노 스케일 및 미크론 이하 분말은 가격이 더 높습니다.
• 형태학?- Spherical and smooth powders command premium pricing.
• 수량?- 규모의 경제로 인해 대량 구매 시 가격이 낮아집니다.
• 제조사?- Major global suppliers offer more competitive pricing.
• 지리?- 가격은 전 세계 지역마다 다릅니다.

Storage and Handling of Niobium Powder

Niobium powder requires controlled storage and handling to:

• Prevent exposure to air and moisture to minimize oxidation
• Avoid ignition and explosion hazards from fine powder
• Use appropriate ventilation and respiratory protection during handling
• Follow precautions in Safety Data Sheet from supplier
• Store sealed containes in a cool, dry place away from incompatibles

Inert gas glove boxes, proper grounding and PPE should be used when handling niobium powder.

Inspection and Testing of Niobium Powder

The following inspections and tests are typically performed on niobium powder:

• 화학 분석?- Inductively coupled plasma or X-ray fluorescence techniques used for composition and purity check.
• Particle Size Testing?- Carried out as per ASTM B822 standard using laser diffraction technique.
• 형태학?- Scanning electron microscopy used for determining shape and surface area.
• 특정 표면적?- BET gas absorption method used for measuring surface area per unit mass.
• Impurities Testing?- ICP-MS used to quantify levels of tantalum, oxygen, nitrogen and other impurities.
• 파우더 흐름?- Tested using Hall flowmeter as per ASTM B213 standard.

Comparison of Niobium and Tantalum Powder

Niobium and tantalum powders are two similar refractory metal powders compared:

파라미터	니오븀 분말	탄탈륨 분말
밀도	8.57 g/cm3	16.6 g/cm3
용융점	2477¡«C	2996¡«C
전기 저항률	15 Ã×´Î.cm	13 Ã×´Î.cm
장력 강도 (Tensile strength)	550 MPa	400 MPa
산화 저항	보통	더 나은
비용	더 낮게	높은
신청	Alloys, capacitors	Medical, electronics

Tantalum has higher density, melting point, and better oxidation resistance but is more expensive than niobium.

Niobium Powder FAQs

Q: How is niobium powder produced?

A: The main production methods for niobium powder are hydriding-dehydriding, calciothermic reduction, electrolysis, and carbon reduction of niobium oxide sources.

Q: What is niobium powder used for?

A: Major applications of niobium powder include electronics, metal alloys, coatings, chemical industry, welding, pyrotechnics, and superconductors.

Q: What is the typical niobium powder size for thermal spray coatings?

A: For thermal spray processes, niobium powder is typically used in particle size ranges of 45-150 microns. Finer powder can lead to oxidation issues.

Q: Is niobium powder flammable or explosive?

A: Yes, like other finely divided metals, niobium powder can potentially be flammable or explosive. Proper precautions are needed for safe handling and storage.

Q: Where can I buy high purity niobium powder for superconducting applications?

A: Ultra high purity (99.99%) niobium powder suitable for superconducting applications can be purchased from major suppliers including HC Starck, CBMM, and ESPI Metals.