Best Stainless Steel 316L Powder for 3D Printing
Overview of Stainless Steel 316L Powder 316L stainless steel belongs to the austenitic class of stainless steels. The addition of 2-3% molybdenum along with nickel and chromium imparts excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in harsh environments. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon content to avoid carbide precipitation during welding. Key characteristics of 316L powder include:…
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Overview of Stainless Steel 316L Powder
316L stainless steel belongs to the austenitic class of stainless steels. The addition of 2-3% molybdenum along with nickel and chromium imparts excellent pitting and crevice corrosion resistance in harsh environments. The ‘L’ denotes lower carbon content to avoid carbide precipitation during welding.
Key characteristics of 316L powder include:
- 열악한 환경에서도 뛰어난 내식성 제공
- High oxidation and sulfidation resistance at elevated temperatures
- 매우 우수한 용접성 및 성형성
- Non-magnetic austenitic structure
- 다양한 입자 크기 분포로 사용 가능
316L powder is suitable for applications requiring excellent corrosion resistance like chemical processing, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, marine equipment and biomedical implants. This article provides a detailed overview of 316L powder.
Chemical Composition of 316L Powder
The typical composition of 316L powder is:
| 요소 | 중량 % |
|---|---|
| 철(Fe) | 균형 |
| 크로뮴(Cr) | 16-18% |
| 니켈(Ni) | 10-14% |
| 몰리브덴 (Mo) | 2-3% |
| 망간(Mn) | ¨P 2% |
| 실리콘(Si) | ¨P 1% |
| 탄소(C) | ¨P 0.03% |
| 인(P) | ¨P 0.045% |
| 황(S) | ¨P 0.03% |
Nickel enhances corrosion resistance while molybdenum addition improves resistance to pitting and crevice corrosion in environments containing chlorides. Low carbon content avoids carbide precipitation during welding.
Properties of 316L Powder
316L powder possesses the following properties:
| 부동산 | 가치 |
|---|---|
| 밀도 | 7.9-8.1 g/cm3 |
| 용융점 | 1370-1400¡«C |
| 열 전도성 | 16 W/mK |
| 전기 저항률 | 0.75 Ã×´Î.cm |
| 영률 | 190-210 GPa |
| 푸아송 비 | 0.27-0.30 |
| 장력 강도 (Tensile strength) | 485-620 MPa |
| 항복강도 | 170-310 MPa |
| 연장 | 40-50% |
| 단단함 (Dandanhame) | 79-95 HRB |
316L offers excellent corrosion resistance combined with good formability and weldability. The austenitic structure provides good toughness and ductility.
Production Method for 316L Powder
Common production methods for 316L powder include:
- 가스 분무법?- Inert gas jets disintegrate molten 316L alloy stream into fine spherical powders with controlled size distribution.
- 물 분무?- High pressure water jet impacts and disintegrates molten metal to produce fine irregular powder particles.
- 기계적 합금?- 혼합 원소 파우더의 볼 밀링에 신터링 및 이차 분무가 뒤따른다.
Gas atomization allows excellent control over particle characteristics like size, shape, oxygen pickup and microstructure.
Applications of 316L Powder
Typical applications of 316L powder include:
- 첨가제 조형?- Powder bed fusion, binder jetting processes use 316L powder for chemical, marine, biomedical parts.
- 금속 사출 성형?- To manufacture small, complex components needing corrosion resistance.
- 열 스프레이 코팅?- Wire arc spray deposition to produce protective coatings in harsh environments.
- 용접 소모품?- Used as filler material for joining 316L components providing excellent weld strength.
- 화학 가공?- Powder metallurgy vessels, trays, baskets used in chemical and pharmaceutical industries.
Specifications of 316L Powder
316L powder is available under different size ranges, shapes and purity levels:
- 입자 크기:AM 방식의 경우 10~45m, 용사 공정의 경우 최대 150m까지 가능합니다.
- 형태론:구형, 불규칙 및 혼합 입자 모양. 부드러운 구형 파우더가 최적의 흐름을 제공합니다.
- 순수함:?From commercial to high purity (99.9%) tailored to application requirements.
- 산소 함량:?Levels maintained at 100-1000 ppm for most applications.
- 유량:25초/50g 이상의 유속을 위해 맞춤화된 파우더.
Global Suppliers of 316L Powder
Some of the major global suppliers of 316L powder include:
- 산드빅 오스프리(영국)
- 호가나스(스웨덴)
- 카펜터 파우더 제품(미국)
- Praxair (미국)
- Oerlikon Metco (Switzerland)
- LPW Technology (UK)
These companies produce various grades of 316L powder tailored for additive manufacturing, thermal spray, metal injection molding and other applications.
Pricing of 316L Powder
316L powder prices depend on factors like:
- 순도 수준
- 입자적 특성
- 주문 수량
- 추가 처리
- 제조사 및 지리적 위치
| 학년 | 가격 범위 |
|---|---|
| 상업용 | kg당 $15-25 |
| 고순도 | 25-50달러/kg |
| 초미립자 | 1kg당 50-120달러 |
| 특급 | 120-250 달러/kg |
Gas atomized, controlled particle size, high purity powders command much higher pricing over regular commercial grade 316L powder.
Storage and Handling of 316L Powder
316L powder should be handled with care to:
- Prevent contact with moisture, acids etc. leading to corrosion
- Avoid fine powder accumulation to minimize risk of dust explosions
- Use proper ventilation, PPE when handling fine powders
- Follow recommended practices from supplier SDS
- Store sealed containers in a dry, inert atmosphere
Proper protective measures must be taken when handling reactive alloy powders like 316L.
316L 분말 검사 및 테스트
Key quality control tests performed on 316L powder:
- OES 또는 XRF를 사용하여 화학 분석을 수행하여 구성이 특정 한계 내에 있는지 확인
- ASTM B822 표준에 따른 입도 분포
- SEM 영상을 통한 형태 분석
- ASTM B213 표준에 따라 측정된 분말 유량
- 헬륨 피크노미터에 의한 밀도 측정
- ICP-MS를 이용한 불순물 검사
- X-선 회절을 통한 미세 구조 특성 분석
철저한 테스트를 통해 파우더가 용도에 필요한 화학적, 물리적, 미세 구조적 특성을 충족하는지 확인합니다.
Comparison Between 316L and 304L Stainless Steel Powders
316L and 304L stainless steel powders compared:
| 파라미터 | 316L | 304L |
|---|---|---|
| 컴포지션 | Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo | Fe-Cr-Ni |
| 내식성 | 훨씬 낫다 | 좋은 |
| 비용 | 높은 | 더 낮게 |
| 온도 저항 | 더 나은 | 좋은 |
| 용접성 | 훌륭함 | 훌륭함 |
| 가용성 | 보통 | 훌륭함 |
| 신청 | Marine, chemical industry | Consumer products, appliances |
316L offers substantially better corrosion resistance whereas 304L is more economical for less demanding applications.
316L Powder FAQs
Q: How is 316L stainless steel powder produced?
A: 316L powder is commercially produced using gas atomization, water atomization and mechanical alloying followed by sintering. Gas atomization offers the best control of powder characteristics.
Q: What are the main applications of 316L powder?
A: Key applications for 316L powder include additive manufacturing, metal injection molding, thermal spray coatings, and powder metallurgy parts for chemical, marine, pharmaceutical and food industries needing excellent corrosion resistance.
Q: What is the recommended 316L powder size for binder jetting AM?
A: For binder jetting process, the typical 316L powder size range is 20-45 microns with spherical morphology for optimal powder bed density and binder infiltration.
Q: Does 316L powder require special handling precautions?
A: Yes, 316L is a reactive alloy powder and should be handled carefully under controlled humidity and inert atmosphere using proper grounding, ventilation and PPE.
Q: Where can I buy 316L powder suitable for biomedical implants?
A: High purity, gas atomized 316L powder meeting biomedical specifications can be purchased from leading manufacturers like Sandvik Osprey, Hoganas, Carpenter Powder Products and LPW Technology.
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